The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in a hypoxia model induced by sodium nitrite in testes of male albino rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i02.150Keywords:
Sodium nitrite, hypoxia, stem cell, testes oxidative stress, testes histologyAbstract
Introduction: The present work aims to examine the possible role of stem cells on biochemical markers and histopathological alterations of hypoxia caused by sodium nitrite (NaNO2) toxicity in testes of male rats.
Methods: In this study, 96 adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (16 rats each). Group 1 (G1) was the control group and received distilled H2O. Group 2 (G2) received daily NaNO2 (35 m/kg bwt/ day) via subcutaneous injection for 3 weeks. Group 3 (G3) received NaNO2 for 2 weeks and were then injected once with 2*106 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intravenously and sacrificed 4 weeks later. Group 4 (G4) received NaNO2 for 2 weeks and were then injected with 2*106 MSCs followed by daily NaNO2 injection for 1 week; rats in G4 were sacrificed 4 weeks from MSCs treatment. Group 5 (G5) rats were treated with NaNO2 for 2 weeks and then left to recover for 4 weeks. Finally, Group 6 (G6) rats were treated with NaNO2 for 3 weeks and left to recover for 3 weeks, after which point they were sacrificed.
Results: The results showed that NaNO2 caused oxidative damage and histopathological alterations in the rat testes, as well as increased the levels of testes malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and DNA fragmentation percentage (DNA F %). Moreover, NaNO2 decreased the elevated activities of testes catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant activity (TAA), in comparison to the control group. The histological results illustrated different distortions, vacuolization and lipid accumulations in interlobular space as well as diminution of inter cellular germ cell layers, absence of Leydig cells, irregular basement membrane of tubule, and separation within spermatogenic cells. In addition, congestion and dilation of intertubular and peripheral blood capillaries were found. Nevertheless, the administration of stem cells reduced the danger actions of sodium nitrite by enhancing biochemical marker concentration.
Conclusion: There was an improvement in the histology of the rat testes, including a relatively normal order in the different stages of spermatogonia and loss of different stages of spermatocytes. Regarding the recovery period, there was also a significant improvement in each of the biochemical parameters assessed and in the histological lesions.
References
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El-Sheikh, N.M., and Khalil, F.A. (2011). L-Arginine and L-glutamine as immunonutrients and modulating agents for oxidative stress and toxicity induced by sodium nitrite in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49, 758-762.
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Hall, P. (1994). Testicular steroid synthesis: organization and regulation. The physiology of reproduction 1, 1335-1362.
Hassan, A.I., and Alam, S.S. (2014). Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of infertility in male rats. Stem cell research & therapy 5, 131.
Hassan, H.A., El-Agmy, S.M., Gaur, R.L., Fernando, A., Raj, M., and Ouhtit, A. (2009). In vivo evidence of hepato-and reno-protective effect of garlic oil against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress. Int J Biol Sci 5, 249-255.
Hussein, Y., Hussein, R., Amin, A., and Hussein, H. (2015). Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Vitamin E in Treatment of Infertile Male Albino Rats. Int J of Multidisciplinary and Current research 3.
Hwang, G.-S., Wang, S.-W., Tseng, W.-M., Yu, C.-H., and Wang, P.S. (2007). Effect of hypoxia on the release of vascular endothelial growth factor and testosterone in mouse TM3 Leydig cells. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292, E1763-E1769.
Ishikawa, T., Kondo, Y., Goda, K., and Fujisawa, M. (2005). Overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in transgenic mice accelerates testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism. Journal of andrology 26, 281-288.
Jaiswal, N., Haynesworth, S.E., Caplan, A.I., and Bruder, S.P. (1997). Osteogenic differentiation of purified, culture‐expanded human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Journal of cellular biochemistry 64, 295-312.
Kebriaei, P., Isola, L., Bahceci, E., Holland, K., Rowley, S., McGuirk, J., Devetten, M., Jansen, J., Herzig, R., and Schuster, M. (2009). Adult human mesenchymal stem cells added to corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 15, 804-811.
Knaapen, A.M., Schins, R.P., Borm, P.J., and van Schooten, F.J. (2005). Nitrite enhances neutrophil-induced DNA strand breakage in pulmonary epithelial cells by inhibition of myeloperoxidase. Carcinogenesis 26, 1642-1648.
Kodama, H., Kuribayashi, Y., and Gagnon, C. (1996). Effect of sperm lipid peroxidation on fertilization. Journal of andrology 17, 151-157.
Koracevic, D., Koracevic, G., Djordjevic, V., Andrejevic, S., and Cosic, V. (2001). Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. Journal of clinical pathology 54, 356-361.
Laberge, R.-M., and Boissonneault, G. (2005). Chromatin remodeling in spermatids: a sensitive step for the genetic integrity of the male gamete. Archives of andrology 51, 125-133.
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2017-02-20
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The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in a hypoxia model induced by sodium nitrite in testes of male albino rats. (2017). Biomedical Research and Therapy, 4(02), 1128-1146. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i02.150
