Assessment of workload effect on nursing occupational accidents in hospitals of Kashan, Iran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i08.226Keywords:
Mental Workload, NASA-TLX, Nursing Staff, Occupational AccidentAbstract
Background: Nurses often experience occupational accidents and injuries. The mental workload is one of the factors that often cause tiredness. Perilous behaviors possibly occur more in tired persons resulting in injuries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between mental workload and nursing occupational accidents in public hospitals of Kashan, as well as factors affecting them.
Methods: The analytic-descriptive study described herein consisted of nursing staff from public hospitals of Kashan, Iran. Information was collected using a three-part questionnaire from a selected clustery of 406 nursing personnel in 2016. The questionnaire was used to collect demographics, assess mental workload (per the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)), and assess frequency of accidents. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
Results: A total of 455 occupational accidents were recorded for 2016 with about 2.27±1.21 accidents per nurse. The minimum and maximum scores for frustration and effort were 47.82 ± 30.91 and 78.61 ± 18.15, respectively. The mental workload mean was calculated as 69.49 ± 15.69. In total, 120 (32%) nurses experienced occupational accidents. There was a significant positive correlation between mental workload, mental need and physical need with occupational accidents (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Occupational accidents are affected by mental workload. Taking actions to decline mental workload may result in a decrease of occupational accidents.
References
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<li class="show">Malekpour, F., Mohammadian, Y., Malekpour, A., Mohammadpour, Y., Sheikh Ahmadi, A., and Shakarami, A. (2014). Assessment of mental workload in nursing by using NASA-TLX. Journal of Urmia Nursing And Midwifery Faculty 11, 0-0.</li>
<li class="show">Mazur, L.M., Mosaly, P.R., Jackson, M., Chang, S.X., Burkhardt, K.D., Adams, R.D., Jones, E.L., Hoyle, L., Xu, J., and Rockwell, J. (2012). Quantitative assessment of workload and stressors in clinical radiation oncology. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics 83, e571-e576. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.063">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.063</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1417">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1417</a></li>
<li class="show">McCaughey, D., DelliFraine, J.L., McGhan, G., and Bruning, N.S. (2013). The negative effects of workplace injury and illness on workplace safety climate perceptions and health care worker outcomes. Safety science 51, 138-147. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.06.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.06.004</a></li>
<li class="show">Mohammadi, M., Nasl Seraji, J., and Zeraati, H. (2013). Developing and assessing the validity and reliability of a questionnaire to assess the mental workload among ICUs Nurses in one of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals, Tehran, Iran. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res 11, 87-96.</li>
<li class="show">Morris, R., MacNeela, P., Scott, A., Treacy, P., and Hyde, A. (2007). Reconsidering the conceptualization of nursing workload: literature review. Journal of advanced Nursing 57, 463-471. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04134.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04134.x</a></li>
<li class="show">Neill, D. (2011). Nursing Workload and the Changing Health Care Environment: A Review of the Literature. Administrative Issues Journal: Education, Practice, and Research 1, 132-143. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5929/2011.1.2.11">https://doi.org/10.5929/2011.1.2.11</a></li>
<li class="show">Owens, J.A. (2007). Sleep loss and fatigue in healthcare professionals. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing 21, 92-100. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JPN.0000270624.64584.9d">https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JPN.0000270624.64584.9d</a></li>
<li class="show">Ozkan, A., Ozdevecioglu, M., Kaya, Y., and Koç, F.Ö. (2015). Effects of mental workloads on depression–anger symptoms and interpersonal sensitivities of accounting professionals. Revista de Contabilidad 18, 194-199. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.005</a></li>
<li class="show">Rahimi, F., Ahangarzadeh, R., Baghaei, R., and Feizi, A. (2012). Effective factors on the incidence of medication errors in hospital nurses in Besat hospital in Sanandaj city at years of 2011. J Nurs Midwifery College Kurdistan 1, 2-8.</li>
<li class="show">Rubio, S., Díaz, E., Martín, J., and Puente, J.M. (2004). Evaluation of subjective mental workload: A comparison of SWAT, NASA‐TLX, and workload profile methods. Applied Psychology 53, 61-86. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00161.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00161.x</a></li>
<li class="show">Safari, S., Mohammadi-Bolbanabad, H., and Kazemi, M. (2013). Evaluation Mental Work Load in Nursing Critical Care Unit with National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). J Health Sys Res 9, 613-619.</li>
<li class="show">Vinodkumar, M., and Bhasi, M. (2009). Safety climate factors and its relationship with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry. Safety Science 47, 659-667. h<a href="ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.09.004">ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.09.004</a></li>
<li class="show">Wiegmann, D.A., and Shappell, S.A. (2001). Human error analysis of commercial aviation accidents: Application of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 72, 1006-1016.</li>
<li class="show">Young, G., Zavelina, L., and Hooper, V. (2008). Assessment of workload using NASA Task Load Index in perianesthesia nursing. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 23, 102-110. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2008.01.00">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2008.01.008 </a></li>
<li class="show">Zheng, B., Jiang, X., Tien, G., Meneghetti, A., Panton, O.N.M., and Atkins, M.S. (2012). Workload assessment of surgeons: correlation between NASA TLX and blinks. Surgical endoscopy 26, 2746-2750. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2268-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2268-6</a></li>
</ol>
<li class="show">Aghajanlou, A., NIROUMAND, Z.K., Safavi, B.Z., and ALAVI, M.H. (2007). Types and rates of occupational accidents in nursing students at nursing and midwifery colleges in Tehran.</li>
<li class="show">Alavi, N.M. (2014). Occupational hazards in nursing. Nursing and midwifery studies 3.</li>
<li class="show">Bakhtiyari, M., Aghaie, A., Delpisheh, A., Akbarpour, S., Zayeri, F., Soori, H., Salehi, M., and Arji, M. (2012). An epidemiologic survey of recorded job-related accidents by Iranian social security organization (2001-2005). Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 11, 231-246.</li>
<li class="show">Cao, A., Chintamani, K.K., Pandya, A.K., and Ellis, R.D. (2009). NASA TLX: software for assessing subjective mental workload. Behavior research methods 41, 113-117. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.1.113">https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.1.113</a></li>
<li class="show">Costa, G. (2010). Shiftwork related problems in hospital workers. Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia 32, 343-346.</li>
<li class="show">Di Stasi, L.L., Álvarez-Valbuena, V., Ca-as, J.J., Maldonado, A., Catena, A., Antolí, A., and Candido, A. (2009). Risk behaviour and mental workload: Multimodal assessment techniques applied to motorbike riding simulation. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 12, 361-370. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2009.02.004 ">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2009.02.004 </a></li>
<li class="show">Gershon, R.R., Stone, P.W., Zeltser, M., Faucett, J., Macdavitt, K., and Chou, S.-S. (2007). Organizational climate and nurse health outcomes in the United States: a systematic review. Industrial health 45, 622-636. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.45.622">https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.45.622</a></li>
<li class="show">Ghamari, F., Mohammadfam, I., Mohammadbeigi, A., Ebrahimi, H., and Khodayari, M. (2013). Determination of effective risk factors in incidence of occupational accidents in one of the large metal industries, Arak (2005-2007). Iran Occupational Health 9, 89-96.</li>
<li class="show">Ghasemi, M., Zakerian, A., and Azhdari, M. (2011). Control of Human Error and comparison Level risk after correction action With the SHERPA Method in a control Room of petrochemical industry. Iran Occupational Health 8, 2-0.</li>
<li class="show">Giahi, O., Darvishi, E., Akbarzadeh, M., and Shahsavari, S. (2014). Assessment of the relationship of the risk of subjective work load to musculoskeletal disorders in bank staff in Kurdistan Province. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 19, 36-45.</li>
<li class="show">Holden, R.J., Patel, N.R., Scanlon, M.C., Shalaby, T.M., Arnold, J.M., and Karsh, B.-T. (2010). Effects of mental demands during dispensing on perceived medication safety and employee well-being: A study of workload in pediatric hospital pharmacies. Research in social and administrative Pharmacy 6, 293-306. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2009.10.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2009.10.001</a></li>
<li class="show">Holden, R.J., Scanlon, M.C., Patel, N.R., Kaushal, R., Escoto, K.H., Brown, R.L., Alper, S.J., Arnold, J.M., Shalaby, T.M., and Murkowski, K. (2011). A human factors framework and study of the effect of nursing workload on patient safety and employee quality of working life. Quality and Safety in Health Care 20, 15-24. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs.2008.028381 ">https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs.2008.028381 </a></li>
<li class="show">Hoonakker, P., Carayon, P., Gurses, A.P., Brown, R., Khunlertkit, A., McGuire, K., and Walker, J.M. (2011). Measuring workload of ICU nurses with a questionnaire survey: the NASA Task Load Index (TLX). IIE transactions on healthcare systems engineering 1, 131-143. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/19488300.2011.609524">https://doi.org/10.1080/19488300.2011.609524</a></li>
<li class="show">Huang, Y.-H., Ho, M., Smith, G.S., and Chen, P.Y. (2006). Safety climate and self-reported injury: Assessing the mediating role of employee safety control. Accident Analysis & Prevention 38, 425-433. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2005.07.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2005.07.002</a></li>
<li class="show">Kohn, L., Corrigan, J., and Donaldson, M. (2002). To err is human: building a safer health system. National Academy of Science, Institute of Medicine 6.</li>
<li class="show">Levy, B.S. (2006). Occupational and environmental health: recognizing and preventing disease and injury (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins).</li>
<li class="show">Malekpour, F., Mohammadian, Y., Malekpour, A., Mohammadpour, Y., Sheikh Ahmadi, A., and Shakarami, A. (2014). Assessment of mental workload in nursing by using NASA-TLX. Journal of Urmia Nursing And Midwifery Faculty 11, 0-0.</li>
<li class="show">Mazur, L.M., Mosaly, P.R., Jackson, M., Chang, S.X., Burkhardt, K.D., Adams, R.D., Jones, E.L., Hoyle, L., Xu, J., and Rockwell, J. (2012). Quantitative assessment of workload and stressors in clinical radiation oncology. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics 83, e571-e576. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.063">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.063</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1417">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1417</a></li>
<li class="show">McCaughey, D., DelliFraine, J.L., McGhan, G., and Bruning, N.S. (2013). The negative effects of workplace injury and illness on workplace safety climate perceptions and health care worker outcomes. Safety science 51, 138-147. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.06.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.06.004</a></li>
<li class="show">Mohammadi, M., Nasl Seraji, J., and Zeraati, H. (2013). Developing and assessing the validity and reliability of a questionnaire to assess the mental workload among ICUs Nurses in one of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals, Tehran, Iran. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res 11, 87-96.</li>
<li class="show">Morris, R., MacNeela, P., Scott, A., Treacy, P., and Hyde, A. (2007). Reconsidering the conceptualization of nursing workload: literature review. Journal of advanced Nursing 57, 463-471. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04134.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04134.x</a></li>
<li class="show">Neill, D. (2011). Nursing Workload and the Changing Health Care Environment: A Review of the Literature. Administrative Issues Journal: Education, Practice, and Research 1, 132-143. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5929/2011.1.2.11">https://doi.org/10.5929/2011.1.2.11</a></li>
<li class="show">Owens, J.A. (2007). Sleep loss and fatigue in healthcare professionals. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing 21, 92-100. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JPN.0000270624.64584.9d">https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JPN.0000270624.64584.9d</a></li>
<li class="show">Ozkan, A., Ozdevecioglu, M., Kaya, Y., and Koç, F.Ö. (2015). Effects of mental workloads on depression–anger symptoms and interpersonal sensitivities of accounting professionals. Revista de Contabilidad 18, 194-199. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.005</a></li>
<li class="show">Rahimi, F., Ahangarzadeh, R., Baghaei, R., and Feizi, A. (2012). Effective factors on the incidence of medication errors in hospital nurses in Besat hospital in Sanandaj city at years of 2011. J Nurs Midwifery College Kurdistan 1, 2-8.</li>
<li class="show">Rubio, S., Díaz, E., Martín, J., and Puente, J.M. (2004). Evaluation of subjective mental workload: A comparison of SWAT, NASA‐TLX, and workload profile methods. Applied Psychology 53, 61-86. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00161.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00161.x</a></li>
<li class="show">Safari, S., Mohammadi-Bolbanabad, H., and Kazemi, M. (2013). Evaluation Mental Work Load in Nursing Critical Care Unit with National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). J Health Sys Res 9, 613-619.</li>
<li class="show">Vinodkumar, M., and Bhasi, M. (2009). Safety climate factors and its relationship with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry. Safety Science 47, 659-667. h<a href="ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.09.004">ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.09.004</a></li>
<li class="show">Wiegmann, D.A., and Shappell, S.A. (2001). Human error analysis of commercial aviation accidents: Application of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 72, 1006-1016.</li>
<li class="show">Young, G., Zavelina, L., and Hooper, V. (2008). Assessment of workload using NASA Task Load Index in perianesthesia nursing. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 23, 102-110. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2008.01.00">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2008.01.008 </a></li>
<li class="show">Zheng, B., Jiang, X., Tien, G., Meneghetti, A., Panton, O.N.M., and Atkins, M.S. (2012). Workload assessment of surgeons: correlation between NASA TLX and blinks. Surgical endoscopy 26, 2746-2750. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2268-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2268-6</a></li>
</ol>
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2017-08-25
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Copyright The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access by BioMedPress. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0) which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
How to Cite
Assessment of workload effect on nursing occupational accidents in hospitals of Kashan, Iran. (2017). Biomedical Research and Therapy, 4(08), 1527-1540. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i08.226
