The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and its relationship with development in the world
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i9.368Keywords:
Epidemiology, Esophageal Cancer, Incidence, Mortality, Inequality, MedicineAbstract
Introduction: Understanding the epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer (EC) seems to be essential in order to plan and control it. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and mortality rate of EC and its relationship with the worldwide Human Development Index (HDI) of 2012.
Methods: This study was an ecological study which assessed the correlation of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of EC with HDI and its components. ASIR and ASMR data for EC were extracted from the global cancer project for the year 2012. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 16.
Results: From EC were recorded worldwide in 2012, there was a total of 455,784 incidents of EC (70.86% males and 29.14% females; ratio of males to females was 2.43:1) and 400,169 mortalities (70.27% males and 29.73% females; ratio of males to females was 2.36:1). The correlation between HDI and SIR was -0.121 (p=0.105); with -0.061 (p=0.415) for men and -0.190 (p=0.010) for women. Moreover, the correlation between HDI and SMR was -0.156 (p=0.036), with -0.101 (p=0.180) for men and -0.218 (p=0.003) for women.
Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rates from EC is higher in less developed or developing countries. No statistically significant correlation was seen between the standardized mortality or incidence rates of EC and the 2012 HDI.
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<li class="show">Bray, F., Jemal, A., Grey, N., Ferlay, J., & Forman, D. (2012). Global cancer transitions according to the Human Development Index (2008-2030): A population-based study. The Lancet Oncology, 13(8), 790–801. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70211-5">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70211-5</a> PMID:22658655</li>
<li class="show">Castro, C., Bosetti, C., Malvezzi, M., Bertuccio, P., Levi, F., Negri, E., . . . Lunet, N. (2014). Patterns and trends in esophageal cancer mortality and incidence in Europe (1980-2011) and predictions to 2015. Annals of Oncology, 25(1), 283–290. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt486">https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt486</a> PMID:24356640</li>
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<li class="show">Koca, T., Arslan, D., Basaran, H., Cerkesli, A. K., Tastekin, D., Sezen, D., . . . Ozdogan, M. (2015). Dietary and demographical risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey where upper gastrointestinal cancers are endemic. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(5), 1913–1917. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.5.1913">https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.5.1913</a> PMID:25773844</li>
<li class="show">Lin, Y., Totsuka, Y., He, Y., Kikuchi, S., Qiao, Y., Ueda, J., . . . Tanaka, H. (2013). Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in Japan and China. Journal of Epidemiology, 23(4), 233–242. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20120162">https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20120162</a> PMID:23629646</li>
<li class="show">Liu, X., Wang, X., Lin, S., Yuan, J., & Yu, I. T. (2014). Dietary patterns and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 110(11), 2785–2795. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.172">https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.172</a> PMID:24714753</li>
<li class="show">Mai, P. L., Vadaparampil, S. T., Breen, N., McNeel, T. S., Wideroff, L., & Graubard, B. I. (2014). Awareness of cancer susceptibility genetic testing: The 2000, 2005, and 2010 National Health Interview Surveys. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(5), 440–448. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.002</a> PMID:24745633</li>
<li class="show">Malik, K. (2013a). Human development report 2013. The rise of the South: Human progress in a diverse world.</li>
<li class="show">Malik, K. (2013b). Summary Human Development Report 2013. The rise of the South: Human progress in a diverse world.</li>
<li class="show">Mao, W. M., Zheng, W. H., & Ling, Z. Q. (2011). Epidemiologic risk factors for esophageal cancer development. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(10), 2461–2466. PMID:22320939</li>
<li class="show">Napier, K. J., Scheerer, M., & Misra, S. (2014). Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 6(5), 112–120. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112">https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112</a> PMID:24834141</li>
<li class="show">Pakzad, R., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Khosravi, B., Soltani, S., Pakzad, I., Mohammadian, M., . . . Momenimovahed, Z. (2016). The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and their relationship to development in Asia. Annals of Translational Medicine, 4(2), 29. PMID:26889482</li>
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2017-09-20
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Copyright The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access by BioMedPress. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0) which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
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The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and its relationship with development in the world. (2017). Biomedical Research and Therapy, 4(9), 1607-1623. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i9.368
