Geographic distribution of breast cancer incidence in Iran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i05.168Keywords:
Geographic distribution, Breast cancer, incidence, Iran, CancerAbstract
Background: A geographic disparity for breast cancer (BC) incidence by provinces is introduced in Iran. Present study aimed to clarify the geographic disparity of BC incidence after considering the age and gender.
Methods: In this ecological study data about BC incidence extracted from reports of national registry of cancer (NCR), and Disease Control and Prevention in 2008. BC incidence mapping was conducted in geographic information system (GIS).
Results: The results were consistent with previous reports but extend the previous knowledge with regarding the age and gender. Highest age specific rates (ASRs) of BC occurred in the provinces located in Central and Northern of Iran. Tehran and Sistan & Balochestan had highest and lowest ASR for male BC and female BC respectively.
Conclusion: given that BC occurs more in Central and Northern provinces that are mainly with high socioeconomic status (SES) levels, so it is suggested that disparity in BC incidence can be reduced through planning special programs such as education, screening, and preventive policy in provinces with high priorities.
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Anders, C.K., Johnson, R., Litton, J., Phillips, M., and Bleyer, A. (2009). Breast cancer before age 40 years. Paper presented at: Seminars in oncology (Elsevier).
Boyle, P., and Parkin, D. (1991). Statistical methods for registries. Cancer registration: principles and methods 95, 126-158.
Brody, J.G., and Rudel, R.A. (2003). Environmental pollutants and breast cancer. Environmental health perspectives 111, 1007.
Cancer, C.G.o.H.F.i.B. (2012). Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. The lancet oncology 13, 1141-1151.
de Grubb, M.C.M., Kilbourne, B., Kihlberg, C., Levine, R.S., and Hood, D.B. (2013). Demographic and geographic variations in breast cancer mortality among US Hispanics. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved 24, 140-152.
De, P., Neutel, C.I., Olivotto, I., and Morrison, H. (2010). Breast cancer incidence and hormone replacement therapy in Canada. Journal of the national Cancer Institute 102, 1489-1495.
Edwards, B.K., Ward, E., Kohler, B.A., Eheman, C., Zauber, A.G., Anderson, R.N., Jemal, A., Schymura, M.J., Lansdorp‐Vogelaar, I., and Seeff, L.C. (2010). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975‐2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer 116, 544-573.
Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rebelo, M., Parkin, D.M., Forman, D., and Bray, F. (2015). Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. International journal of cancer 136, E359-E386.
García Martínez, L., Pollán Santamaría, M., López-Abente, G., Sánchez Jacob, M.M., García Palomo, A., González Martínez, R., Honrado Franco, E., and Martín Sánchez, V. (2014). Municipal Distribution and Trend of the Incidence of Breast Cancer in the Health Area of Leon, Spain (1996-2010). Revista Española de Salud Pública 88, 261-269.
Henry, K.A., Niu, X., and Boscoe, F.P. (2009). Geographic disparities in colorectal cancer survival. International journal of health geographics 8, 1.
Hogan, L., Ingemarsson, I., Thorngren-Jerneck, K., and Herbst, A. (2007). How often is a low 5-min Apgar score in term newborns due to asphyxia? European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 130, 169-175.
Horn, J., Åsvold, B.O., Opdahl, S., Tretli, S., and Vatten, L.J. (2013). Reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer in old age: a Norwegian cohort study. Breast cancer research and treatment 139, 237-243.
Jafari-Koshki, T., Schmid, V.J., and Mahaki, B. (2014). Trends of breast cancer incidence in Iran During 2004-2008: A Bayesian space-time model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15, 1557-1561.
Jemal, A., Ward, E., and Thun, M.J. (2007). Recent trends in breast cancer incidence rates by age and tumor characteristics among US women. Breast Cancer Research 9, R28.
Jung, S., Spiegelman, D., Baglietto, L., Bernstein, L., Boggs, D.A., Van Den Brandt, P.A., Buring, J.E., Cerhan, J.R., Gaudet, M.M., and Giles, G.G. (2013). Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status. Journal of the national Cancer Institute, djs635.
Laden, F., Hankinson, S.E., Spiegelman, D., Neas, L.M., Colditz, G.A., Hunter, D.J., Manson, J.E., Byrne, C., Rosner, B.A., and Speizer, F.E. (1997). Geographic variation in breast cancer incidence rates in a cohort of US women. Journal of the national Cancer Institute 89, 1373-1378.
Ministry-of-Health-and-Medical-Services (2008). National Report of Cancer Registry (Health deputy, CDC, Cancer office).
Mousavi, S.M., Montazeri, A., Mohagheghi, M.A., Jarrahi, A.M., Harirchi, I., Najafi, M., and Ebrahimi, M. (2007). Breast cancer in Iran: an epidemiological review. The breast journal 13, 383-391.
Nelson, H.D., Zakher, B., Cantor, A., Fu, R., Griffin, J., O'Meara, E.S., Buist, D.S., Kerlikowske, K., van Ravesteyn, N.T., and Trentham-Dietz, A. (2012). Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine 156, 635-648.
Pakseresht, S., Ingle, G., Bahadur, A., Ramteke, V., Singh, M., Garg, S., and Agarwal, P. (2009). Risk factors with breast cancer among women in Delhi. Indian journal of cancer 46, 132.
Reeves, G.K., Beral, V., Green, J., Gathani, T., Bull, D., and Collaborators, M.W.S. (2006). Hormonal therapy for menopause and breast-cancer risk by histological type: a cohort study and meta-analysis. The lancet oncology 7, 910-918.
Reynolds, P., Hurley, S.E., Quach, A.-T., Rosen, H., Von Behren, J., Hertz, A., and Smith, D. (2005). Regional variations in breast cancer incidence among California women, 1988–1997. Cancer Causes & Control 16, 139-150.
Ruddy, K.J., Gelber, S.I., Tamimi, R.M., Ginsburg, E.S., Schapira, L., Come, S.E., Borges, V.F., Meyer, M.E., and Partridge, A.H. (2014). Prospective study of fertility concerns and preservation strategies in young women with breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, 1151-1156.
Rudel, R.A., Attfield, K.R., Schifano, J.N., and Brody, J.G. (2007). Chemicals causing mammary gland tumors in animals signal new directions for epidemiology, chemicals testing, and risk assessment for breast cancer prevention. Cancer 109, 2635-2666.
Tfayli, A., Temraz, S., Abou Mrad, R., and Shamseddine, A. (2010). Breast cancer in low-and middle-income countries: an emerging and challenging epidemic. Journal of oncology 2010.
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2017-05-21
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Geographic distribution of breast cancer incidence in Iran. (2017). Biomedical Research and Therapy, 4(05), 1295-1304. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i05.168
