Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v5i1.410Keywords:
Antioxidants, DNA damage, Homocysteine, Oxidative stress, Thyroid carcinoma disease, TOSAbstract
Background: Thyroid cancers are common endocrine tumors with diverse medical and histological structures. During development/progression from normal to neoplastic cell, there is a gradual increase in the function/activity of proto-oncogenes, transcription factors and metastasis elements. The main objective of this study is to evaluate per-oxidation of lipid content, total oxidative stress, and the profile of homocysteine (and DNA damage) in the erythrocytes of thyroid carcinoma patients as compared with those of control subjects.
Methods: All risk variables and biochemical analyses were quantitatively determined using standard methods.
Results: A noteworthy increase in malondialdehyde, globulin, and DNA damage in thyroid carcinoma patients were repeatedly observed. In contrast, healthy individuals showed an increased level of HDL-C and total anti-oxidant response.
Conclusion: It is suggested that these parameters have a pivotal role in the diagnostic process of determining thyroid carcinoma patients. Oxidized products of macromolecules in the blood of such patients impart major function in causing thyroid carcinoma disease.
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Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1), 44–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001 PMID:16978905
Weg, S. B. (no date). Spectrophotometer simpler to use and higher in dependability thanks to mounting of a large-size color LCD.
Akinci, M., Kosova, F., Çetin, B., Sepici, A., Altan, N., Aslan, S., & Çetin, A. (2008). Oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with thyroid cancer. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 23(6), 551–554. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502008000600013 PMID:19030755
BENJAMIN, M. M. (1978). Outline of veterinary clinical pathology. Ames, Iowa State University Press.
Carter, C. A., & Kane, C. J. (2004). Therapeutic potential of natural compounds that regulate the activity of protein kinase C. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11(21), 2883–2902. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364090 PMID:15544481
Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F Tests. Biometrics, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
Erel, O. (2004). A novel automated method to measure total antioxidant response against potent free radical reactions. Clinical Biochemistry, 37(2), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.10.014 PMID:14725941
Erel, O. (2005). A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38(12), 1103–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008 PMID:16214125
Finkel, T. (2003). Oxidant signals and oxidative stress. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 15(2), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-0674(03)00002-4 PMID:12648682
Frasca, F., Vella, V., Aloisi, A., Mandarino, A., Mazzon, E., Vigneri, R., & Vigneri, P. (2003). p73 tumor-suppressor activity is impaired in human thyroid cancer. Cancer Research, 63(18), 5829–5837. PMID:14522906
Fujita, T. (2002). [Formation and removal of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides and free radicals, and their biological effects]. Yakugaku Zasshi, 122(3), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.122.203 PMID:11905046
Jackson, A. L., & Loeb, L. A. (2001). The contribution of endogenous sources of DNA damage to the multiple mutations in cancer. Mutation Research. Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 477(1-2), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00091-4 PMID:11376682
Karbownik, M., & Lewinski, A. (2003). The role of oxidative stress in physiological and pathological processes in the thyroid gland; possible involvement in pineal-thyroid interactions. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 24(5), 293–303. PMID:14647000
Kitahara, C. M., Platz, E. A., Freeman, L. E. B., Hsing, A. W., Linet, M. S., Park, Y., . . . Berrington de González, A. (2011). Obesity and thyroid cancer risk among U.S. men and women: A pooled analysis of five prospective studies. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 20(3), 464–472. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-1220 PMID:21266520
Le Bras, M., Clément, M. V., Pervaiz, S., & Brenner, C. (2005). Reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial signaling pathway of cell death. Histology and Histopathology, 20(1), 205–219. PMID:15578439
Lien, E. A., Nedrebø, B. G., Varhaug, J. E., Nygård, O., Aakvaag, A., & Ueland, P. M. (2000). Plasma total homocysteine levels during short-term iatrogenic hypothyroidism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85(3), 1049–1053. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.3.6439 PMID:10720038
Mancini, A., Segni, C. Di, Raimondo, S., Olivieri, G., Silvestrini, A., Meucci, E. and Currò, D. (2016) ‘Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation’, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6757154
Manole, D., Schildknecht, B., Gosnell, B., Adams, E., & Derwahl, M. (2001). Estrogen promotes growth of human thyroid tumor cells by different molecular mechanisms. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86(3), 1072–1077. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.3.7283 PMID:11238488
Mulaudzi, T. V., Ramdial, P. K., Madiba, T. E., & Callaghan, R. A. (2001). Thyroid carcinoma at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa. East African Medical Journal, 78(5), 242–245. https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i5.9046 PMID:12002083
Nikiforov, Y. E. (2004). Genetic alterations involved in the transition from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Endocrine Pathology, 15(4), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1385/EP:15:4:319 PMID:15681856
Rosen, H. N., Moses, A. C., Garber, J., Ross, D. S., Lee, S. L., Ferguson, L., . . . Greenspan, S. L. (1998). Randomized trial of pamidronate in patients with thyroid cancer: Bone density is not reduced by suppressive doses of thyroxine, but is increased by cyclic intravenous pamidronate. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83(7), 2324–2330. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.7.2324 PMID:9661603
Sadani, G. R., & Nadkarni, G. D. (1996). Role of tissue antioxidant defence in thyroid cancers. Cancer Letters, 109(1-2), 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(96)04484-9 PMID:9020926
Siti, H. N., Kamisah, Y., & Kamsiah, J. (2015). The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease (a review). Vascular Pharmacology, 71, 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.005 PMID:25869516
Steel, Robert GD, James H. Torrie, and David A. Dickey (1997). Principles and procedures of statistics: A biological approach. New York : McGraw-Hill, cop.
Taccaliti A, Boscaro M. (2009). Genetic mutations in thyroid carcinoma. Minerva Endocrinol 34:11-28.
Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1), 44–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001 PMID:16978905
Weg, S. B. (no date). Spectrophotometer simpler to use and higher in dependability thanks to mounting of a large-size color LCD.
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2018-01-25
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Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan. (2018). Biomedical Research and Therapy, 5(1), 1952-1966. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v5i1.410
